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Packet loss has always been a contentious topic in the networking industry. It remains a critical consideration in the design and implementation of networks, primarily due to its direct impact on network efficiency and overall performance. Even a single faulty device or a misconfigured setting can lead to packet loss, significantly affecting the entire network’s performance.
Packet loss refers to the scenario where a device sends a specific amount (or “packets”) of data over a network, and a considerable portion of this data is lost or “dropped” along the route. This implies that any data sent over the network does not fully reach the destination device. Network packet loss is a key issue that vendors are still striving to resolve and is something all network administrators must keep in mind when implementing network architectures or troubleshooting network issues.
Understanding the reasons behind packet loss in a network is crucial for addressing these issues. Network packet loss primarily occurs due to one or a combination of the following reasons:
The most direct impact of network packet loss is an increase in network connection latency. Latency can be defined as the total time it takes for a packet to travel from the source device to the destination device and back. Unlike ping, which is just the time a device takes to reach another on the network, latency is a round-trip value.
When latency increases, the network quality relative to the affected devices drops sharply. This is self-explanatory; when the time required to send packets increases, the time to send the entire data also increases proportionally, affecting data transfer rates. In VoIP and video data transmission, the impact of packet loss is very pronounced, as these are real-time processes. High packet loss rates can cause significant issues. It can also be seen when transferring large files over the network, as latency multiplies across thousands of packets and slows down the transfer itself.
Using reliable network packet loss testing tools to detect packet loss is crucial for identifying the root cause of the issue, especially in WAN and Wi-Fi networks. Issues like jitter due to network congestion, data transmission loss due to outdated device hardware, and delays in VoIP calls or video conferences are primary packet loss problems network administrators face daily. Testing network packet loss helps administrators determine whether the issue is due to packet loss or other network-related problems.
While packet loss can be detected through various network assessment tools like ping and network packet loss monitors, ping works by sending packets to a target device and looking for responses. In other words, packet drop can be detected by measuring the number of packets sent but not received. Failed responses lead to packet loss, and any packet loss exceeding 5% is worth investigating.
When packet loss occurs, administrators need to follow these basic steps to fix the packet loss issue:
While completely avoiding packet loss is practically impossible, here are some best practices to control packet loss rates in your network. Try and implement as many of these suggestions as possible:
OpManager uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ping to measure network packet loss, including sending pings between hosts every second and calculating the number of requests lost. Accurate measurement of real-time and historical packet loss helps end-users ensure their network performance meets expectations.
Using network packet loss monitoring tools, administrators can perform:
OpManager pings all monitored devices at defined intervals. If any device experiences significant packet loss, administrators are immediately notified via email or SMS, checking network availability.
All network devices drop packets based on their memory, which can affect performance. These issues are common in routers and switches. Excessive packet drops can indicate problems with the switch or devices interacting with it. Insufficient bandwidth allocation is also a cause of packet loss. Network errors can be diverse; they may result from DNS issues, TCP timeouts, or unresponsive servers. Switches or routers may misinterpret packets due to protocol mismatches during device configuration updates. Network packet loss monitoring tools help administrators monitor and reduce packet loss due to errors and drops.
Managing all configuration changes on network devices using the Network Configuration Manager plugin helps administrators:
In OpManager, separate alerts for packet loss inform administrators when packet loss instances exist in the system and which device is responsible. These threshold-based alerts enable administrators to:
Wide Area Networks (WANs) are prone to network congestion during heavy usage. When different traffic competes for limited shared resources, packets are inevitably dropped or delivered out of order, leading to packet loss. The process of using packet loss monitoring software to track key metrics to avoid packet loss in WAN communication is called network packet loss monitoring.
WAN monitoring features can be used as network packet loss monitors, enabling businesses to enjoy the benefits of shared WAN without compromising performance, including cost-effective bandwidth.
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